Which theory posits that dysfunction arises from incongruity in family hierarchy?

The theory that posits dysfunction arises from incongruity in family hierarchy is Structural Therapy. This approach, developed by Salvador Minuchin, emphasizes the importance of family structure and organization. It suggests that families have their own hierarchies and subsystems, and when these structures are disrupted or incongruent—such as when parents fail to maintain authority, or when roles become blurred—dysfunction can occur.

In Structural Therapy, therapists assess family dynamics and the layout of relationships to understand how power and control are distributed within the family unit. The aim is to realign these structures, strengthen parental authority, and establish clearer boundaries, ultimately improving family functioning and resolving conflicts.

While Strategic Therapy focuses on specific strategies to change dysfunctional patterns of interaction, it does not specifically emphasize hierarchy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy primarily addresses individual thought patterns and behaviors rather than family structure. Attachment Theory analyzes the bonds and emotional connections between family members, but it does not center on hierarchical incongruences within the family. Therefore, the focus on family hierarchy in Structural Therapy makes it the correct choice related to the question.