Which of the following models proposes that family members look to the outside world for gratification?

The concept of families looking to the outside world for gratification aligns with the idea of centrifugal models. In family therapy and systems theory, centrifugal forces refer to dynamics that drive family members away from each other, encouraging them to seek fulfillment, validation, and support outside of their family unit. This often leads to individual members pursuing personal interests, relationships, or activities that may not involve other family members, which can create emotional distance within the family structure.

Centrifugal forces contrast with centripetal forces, which are more inward-focused and emphasize strengthening family bonds, cohesion, and connection among family members. The centrifugal model highlights the importance of recognizing external influences that might affect family dynamics, such as societal expectations or peer relationships, which can lead family members to prioritize outside relationships over familial connections.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for therapists, as it can inform intervention strategies aimed at enhancing family cohesion while being mindful of the external factors influencing family dynamics.