Which of the following is NOT considered a constructivist model?

The correct answer is the choice that identifies Behavioral therapy as not being a constructivist model.

Behavioral therapy primarily focuses on observable behaviors and the modification of these behaviors through techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, and conditioning. It is rooted in behavioral psychology, which emphasizes scientific study and objective measurement, rather than subjective interpretation or meaning-making processes, which are central to constructivist approaches.

In contrast, the other options are strongly aligned with constructivist principles. Narrative therapy emphasizes the stories individuals tell about their lives and the meanings they derive from their experiences, restructuring narratives to foster change. Solution-focused therapy focuses on identifying and amplifying solutions rather than delving deeply into problems, highlighting individual agency and adaptability. Collaborative Language Systems emphasize the co-construction of meaning through dialogue, underscoring how language shapes our understanding of reality and relationships. These approaches share the core tenet of constructivism, which is that meaning is constructed through social interactions and personal experiences.